Seasonal Variations and Sources of Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Chengdu, China
Item
Title (Dublin Core)
Seasonal Variations and Sources of Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Chengdu, China
Description (Dublin Core)
The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air of Chengdu, a southwest city of China, were determined from March 2015 to February 2016. Here, two diagnostic ratios (DR) were determined and a principal component analysis/multiple linear regression (PCA/MLR) analysis was performed to identify the sources of PAHs during the four seasons. The gaseous and particle phase samples were analyzed separately. The sampled air had a gas-to particle ratio of 4.21, and between 18.7% and 31.3% of the total detected PAHs were found in the particulate phase. The total concentration of all 16-PAHs combined (gas + particles) varied from 176.94 in summer to 458.95 ng·m−3 in winter, with a mean of 300.35 ± 176.6 ng·m−3. In the gas phase, phenanthrene(Phe) was found at the highest concentrations in all four seasons, while benzo[b]fluoranthene(BbF) and (in winter) chrysene(Chr) were the highest in the particle phase. The DR of Fluroanthene (Flua)/(Flua + Pyrene (Pyr)) was higher in the gas phase than in the particle phase, while the Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene(IcdP)/(IcdP + Benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP)) ratio was more variable in the gas than that in the particle phase. The main sources for both phases were a mixture of liquid fossil fuel combustion and the burning of biomass and coal, with clear seasonal variation. Principal Component Analysis/Multiple Linear Regression (PCA/MLR) analysis identified the main PAH sources as coal burning (52%) with motor vehicle exhaust and coke (48%) in spring; coal (52%), coke (21%), and motor vehicle exhaust (27%) in summer; coal (47%), vehicle exhaust (34%), and coke (19%) in autumn; and coal (58%) and vehicle exhaust (42%) in winter.
Creator (Dublin Core)
Ju Yang
Wenlai Xu
Huiyu Cheng
Subject (Dublin Core)
PAHs
source apportionment
diagnostic ratios
PCA/MLR
Meteorology. Climatology
QC851-999
Publisher (Dublin Core)
MDPI AG
Date (Dublin Core)
2018-02-01T00:00:00Z
Type (Dublin Core)
article
Identifier (Dublin Core)
2073-4433
10.3390/atmos9020063
https://doaj.org/article/7bbaaa33be1449278f6c6024c6c2d543
Source (Dublin Core)
Atmosphere, Vol 9, Iss 2, p 63 (2018)
Language (Dublin Core)
EN
Relation (Dublin Core)
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/9/2/63
https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433
Provenance (Dublin Core)
Journal Licence: CC BY